SWM : Smart Water Management

This study was conducted to examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of water quality at 19 streams within watersheds of Lake Sihwa with a different land uses(Industrial complex area, urban area, and rural area) in 2009. Furthermore, the runoff characteristics of SS, COD, DOM, and nutrients was investigated at 7 streams during the different rainfall events. During the dry period(2009), the mean concentration of SS was high in the order of Banwol industrial complex(Avg. 37.5 mg/L)>rural area(Avg. 27.4 mg/L)>Sihwa industrial complex(Avg. 17.0 mg/L)>Shingil stream(Avg. 16.2 mg/L)>urban area(Avg. 8.7 mg/L). Whereas, COD concentration was Banwol industrial complex(Avg. 52.2 mg/L)>Sihwa industrial complex(Avg. 12.8 mg/L)>Shingil stream(Avg. 23.4 mg/L)>rural area(Avg. 12.7 mg/L)>urban area(Avg. 7.5 mg/L). The annual mean concentrations of TN and TP were high in the order of Banwol industrial complex(Avg. 27.8 mg/L)>rural area(Avg. 6.4 mg/L)>Sihwa industrial complex(Avg. 6.0 mg/L)>Shingil stream(Avg. 5.7 mg/L)>urban area(Avg. 3.3 mg/L), and Banwol industrial complex(Avg. 2.428 mg/L)>Shihwa industrial complex(Avg. 0.533 mg/L)>Shingil stream(Avg. 0.328 mg/L)>rural area(Avg. 0.212 mg/L)>urban area(Avg. 0.155 mg/L), respectively. The characterization of dissolved organic matter obtained by three-dimensional excitation and emission matrix(3D-EEM) show two noticeable peaks at humic and protein-like regions. Humic-like substances (HLS) are found in rural and urban areas, and humic and protein-like substances (PLS) are shown in industrial area. The annual mean concentrations of trace metal of the sites were classified as "unpolluted level" when compared with the water quality standard guideline. In industrial watershed, the peaks of the SS, COD and TP concentration appeared within 1 hour after rainfall and before peak of discharge in every rainfall events(even below 10mm rainfall). On the other hand, the peaks of NPS pollutants in the urban and rural areas were observed about 3～4 hours and 10 hours after runoff events with rainfall about 50～60 mm. Therefore it is important to understand the runoff pattern of NPS pollutant from watershed in establishing the best management practices for NPS pollutants in Lake Sihwa. Also, it needs to more systematic research about non-point source to the watershed, because pollution discharge of non-point source relied on the characteristics of land uses at each watershed and rainfall event. The pollutant loading of SS measured about 133,598 kg/day from rural area, the ratio is about 91% among the total inflow pollutant loading. The pollutant loading of COD measured about 4,195 kg/day from industrial area, the ratio is about 36% among the total inflow pollutant loading. The ratio of TN and TP inflow pollutant loading is about 42.3% and 30.7% from industrial area. Therefore it is important to understand the runoff pattern of NPS pollutant from watershed in establishing the best management practices for NPS pollutants in watershed of Lake Sihwa. Also, it needs to more systematic research about non-point source to the watershed, because pollution discharge of non-point source relied on the characteristics of land uses at each watershed and rainfall event.

제출문 ⅰ

요약문(1, 2, 3차 년도) ⅱ

목 차 ⅹⅶ

제 1 장 서론 1
1.1 연구배경 및 목적 1
1.2 연구내용 및 범위 2
1.2.1 1차년도 2
1.2.2 2차년도 3
1.2.3 3차년도 4
1.3 연구수행 방법 5

제 2 장 재료 및 방법 6
2.1 시화호 유역현황 6
2.1.1 일반현황 6
2.1.2 기상현황 10
2.1.3 환경기초시설현황 11
2.1.4 오염원분포현황 11
2.2 유입하천 수질조사 16
2.2.1 하천별 수질특성 16
2.2.2 강우시 비점오염물질 유입특성 19
2.3 유량 조사방법 21
2.3.1 조사지점 21
2.3.2 조사방법 22
2.4 유입오염부하량 산정 23
2.4.1 유입하천별 유입수량 산정 23
2.4.2 유입오염부하량 산정 23

제 3 장 결과 및 고찰 24
3.1 강우특성 24
3.2 하천수질 25
3.2 하천의 일반수질 특성 25
3.2.1 수온(Temp.) 25
3.2.2 수소이온(pH) 26
3.2.3 용존산소(Dissolved Oxygen) 28
3.2.4 전기전도도(Conductivity) 30
3.2.5 탁도(Turbidity) 및 부유물질(Suspended solids) 31
3.2.6 유기물 특성 35
3.2.7 영양염류(Nutrients) 48
3.2.8 엽록소 a(Chlorophyll-a) 56
3.2.9 하천수내 중금속 58
3.3 강우시 오염물질 유입특성 61
3.3.1 강우시 시간별 오염물질 유입특성 61
3.3.2 초기세척효과(First flush effect) 분석 73
3.3.3 유량가중평균농도(Event Mean Concentration, EMC) 79
3.4 수위-유량관계 곡선식 81
3.5 유입오염부하량 84
3.5.1 소유역별 유입오염부하량 84
3.5.2 점 및 비점오염부하량 기여율 88
3.6 장기 모니터링시스템 구축방안 89

제 4 장 결론 92

참고문헌(References) 98

부 록 104